Yacoub M, Rasmi NR, Sundt TM et al (1995) Fourteen year experience with homovital homografts for aortic valve replacement. Gall K, Smith SE, Willmette CA, O’Brien M (1998) Allograft heart valve viability and valve processing variables. Vesely I, Gonzalez Lavin L, Graf D, Bouchner D (1990) Mechanical testing of cryopreserved aortic allografts, comparison with xenografts and fresh tissue. Wassenaar C, Bax WA, Van Suylen RJ et al (1997) Effects of cryopreservation on contractile properties of porcine isolated aortic valve leaflets and aortic wall. Wright JEC, Ng YL (1974) Elasticity of human aortic valve cusps. Wassenaar C, Wijsmuller EG, Van Herwerden LA et al (1995) Cracks in cryopreserved aortic allografts and rapid thawing. Hunt CJ, Song YC, Bateson EAJ, Pegg DE (1994) Fractures in Ccyopreserved arteries. Mirabet V, Carda C, Solves P et al (2008) Long Term storage in liquid nitrogen does not affect cell viability in cardiac valve allografts. Warwick RM, Magee JG, Leeming JP et al (2008) Mycobacteria and allograft heart valve banking: an international survey. J Hosp Infec 60:231–234Īnyanwu CH, Nassau E, Yacoub M (1976) Miliary tuberculosis following homograft valve replacement. Leeming JP, Lovering AM, Hunt CJ (2005) Residual antibiotics in heart valve tissue samples following antibiotic disinfection. Yacoub M, Kittle CF (1970) Sterilization of valve homografts by antibiotic solutions. Wain WH, Pearce HM, Riddell RW, Ross DN (1977) A re-evaluation of antibiotic sterilization of heart valve allografts. Waterworth PM, Lockey E, Berry EM, Pearce HM (1974) A critical investigation into the antibiotic sterilization of heart valve homografts. Cryobiology 30:19–24īirtsas V, Armitage WJ (2005) Heart valve cryopreservation: Protocol for addition of dimethyl sulphoxide and amelioration of putative amphotericin B toxicity. Cardiovasc Res 23:1058–1061īrockbank KG, Dawson PE (1993) Cytotoxicity of amhotericin B for fibroblasts in human heart valve leaflets. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 111:367–380Īgvirregoicoa V, Kearney JN, Davies GA, Gowland G (1989) Effects of antifungals on viability of heart valve cusp derived fibroblasts. Ann Thorac Surg 60:5433–5438Īcar C, Tolan M, Berrebi A et al (1996) Homograft replacement of the mitral valve selection, technique of implantation and results in 43 patients. Chest 67:706–710ĭeac RF, Simionescu D, Deac D (1995) New evolution in mitral physiology and surgery: mitral stentless pericardial valve. Zerbini EJ (1975) Results of replacement of cardiac valves by homologous dura mater valves. Ionescu MI, Ross DN, Deac R et al (1970) Autologous fascia lata for heart valve replacement. Mary DA, Pakrashi BC, Catchpole DW, Ionescu MI (1975) Tissue valves in the mitral position: 5 years experience. Thoraxchirurgie Vaskulare Chirurgie 19:379–383 Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 5:177–191Ĭarpentier A (1971) The concept of biorposthesis. Acta Chirurgia Scand 374:1–87ījork VO, Holmgren A, Olin C, Ovenfors CO (1971) Clinical and haemodynamic results of aortic valve replacement with Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. Starr A, Herr RH, Wood JA (1965) The present status of valve replacement. Ross DN (1962) Homograft replacement of the aortic valve. ![]() In the early days of heart valve banking, most hospitals processed their own valves but in the twenty-first century most banking is performed by centralized units which may be companies, national blood services or banks that are a collaborative between hospitals. Consideration also needs to be made as to whether matching of valves improves results. The main research topics of interest in the development of heart valve banking today concern ensuring that the mechanical properties of the valves are maintained, whether it is advantageous to decellularize the valves as this lowers immune response and if vitrification could be a storage method for the future as this could alleviate the need for low temperature during transportation. Cardiac valves are normally tested for microbiological contamination at least twice during their processing. ![]() Heart valve banks have a list of criteria that valves must meet with relation to age of donor, atheroma, fenestrations and absence of virological markers. Cardiac valves have been disinfected using chemical agents, radiation and in present times by antibiotics and stored freeze dried or in solution at +4 ℃, solid carbon dioxide and nowadays in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen refrigerators. ![]() Human heart valves have been used in transplant surgery for nearly sixty years and banking of valves has been performed for the majority of this time.
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